Haematology and Oncology (Haem/Onc)
The relationship between cancer and climate change
How Will Climate Change affect Haem/Onc Conditions?
The number of cancer diagnoses are rising and is predicted to reach 95 million by 2060 in the older population. We need to be aware of the effects climate change is having on these patients, and the consequences it could have on their treatment.
Heatwaves are life-threatening to anyone and will continue to increase in frequency and intensity because of climate change. Those with cancer diagnoses and those undergoing active treatment are particularly at risk of health effects from heatwaves, namely:
1. Heatwaves increase the chance of adverse reactions to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, which include further dehydration and increased toxicity. This also decreases the efficacy of the treatment.
2. Most cancer diagnoses are made above the age of 65, a more vulnerable age group irrespective of their health conditions.
Climate change is affecting the distribution of infections hosted in human blood, such as malaria and dengue fever. It is likely these diseases will soon be transmitted within the UK. Blood donations may become more limited through screening and therefore there may be shortages of blood available for transfusion
How is Haem/Onc Affecting Climate Change?
Over 100,000 patients in the UK receive chemotherapy each year. Cancer treatments work by killing the cancerous cells in the body. However, they also damage and kill healthy cells, hence the horrible side effects patients experience.
Studies have shown that traces of these toxic cancer treatments have been found in rivers and sea water in several countries, including the UK. This is thought to be having a harmful effect on aquatic species, particularly their ability to reproduce.
Cancer care is adding to greenhouse gas emissions. Although not yet quantified, the frequency cancer patients must attend hospital during treatment, the prominent use of pharmaceuticals, and the use of toxic medications all contribute to the departments carbon emissions.
Discussion Ideas with Patients and Colleagues
Patients:
"It is really important to drink lots of water, especially when it is hot. This is because if you become dehydrated, not only will you feel worse, but the cancer treatment may not work as effectively."
"Make sure to stay in the shade when possible, and to wear sunscreen. This is because increased exposure to UV can increase your chances of skin cancer. Doing these simple things will help keep you safe."
Colleagues
“Could we use more virtual clinics for follow-ups and check ins with patients? This could reduce patient travel and lower the patient’s exposure to possible infections.”
Highest impact actions for Haem/Onc Departments
Reduce the number of blood tests patient undergo
Minimise wastage during treatments and procedures
Safe disposal of waste from cancer treatments to prevent runoff into watercourses
Improve screening and one-stop clinic services to reduce patient travel and obtain earlier diagnoses to reduce the treatment required for
For More Information
Visit Centre for Sustainable Healthcare